Human innovation and the environment: Beginnings - 600 BCE

Around 600 BCE, Ancient civilizations such as Egypt, India, and China developed irrigation systems to help increase agricultural production and efficiency.

Ancient Greeks developed a sophisticated system of aqueducts that allowed for the transport of water from rivers and streams to cities.

In China, the invention of the compass between the 11th and 12th centuries allowed for navigation and trade over vast distances.

The invention of paper in China around the 2nd century BCE allowed for the spread of knowledge and literacy.

In the 6th century BCE, Ancient Greeks developed the first wind-powered machines, which were used to grind wheat and pump water.

The invention of the steam engine in the 18th century allowed for the use of power to drive machinery.

In the 19th century, the invention of the internal combustion engine enabled the use of power to propel vehicles.

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