Sunni and Shia Islam: 600 - 1450 Regional and interregional interactions

In the 600s, Sunni and Shia Islam emerged as two distinct branches of the same religion, each with its own interpretations of the Islamic faith.

Following the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632, the Sunni and Shia split over a disagreement regarding the rightful successor to the Prophet.

Sunnis believed the successor should be elected by the people, while the Shia believed the successor should be a direct descendant of the Prophet.

Over the centuries, both Sunni and Shia Islam spread to many parts of the world through regional and interregional interactions.

For example, in the 8th century, the Umayyad Caliphate, which was Sunni-dominated, spread Islam to North Africa and Spain.

In the 11th century, the Shia Fatimid Caliphate spread Islam to parts of North Africa, the Levant, and the Arabian peninsula.

In the 13th century, the Sunni-dominated Mongol Empire spread Islam to China, Central Asia, and parts of Europe.

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