The origin of humans and early human societies: Beginnings - 600 BCE

The earliest human societies are believed to have been hunter-gatherer societies that existed approximately 2.5 million years ago.

By 600 BCE, human societies had begun to transition to larger agricultural and pastoral societies, with the first cities being established in the Middle East and in Mesoamerica.

Ancient Egypt and the Indus River Valley civilization in India are two of the earliest examples of advanced civilizations in the world, with both having developed writing systems and complex social and political systems.

The first major empires began to emerge in the Middle East, with the Assyrian Empire, the Babylonian Empire, and the Persian Empire.

In East Asia, the Zhou dynasty in China established the first unified Chinese Empire.

In the Americas, the Olmecs and the Maya were two of the most advanced societies in the region.

In Europe, the Greek city-states were beginning to emerge, with Athens and Sparta being the most powerful.

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