What are earthquakes? Why do they happen? How to measure earthquakes?

Earthquakes are violent shaking of the Earth's surface caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust.

Earthquakes happen when rocks underground suddenly break along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake.

Earthquakes can be measured using seismometers and seismographs. Seismometers measure the movement of the ground and seismographs record the movement over time.

Earthquakes can range from small vibrations that are barely felt to large events that cause great destruction.

Earthquakes can cause landslides, tsunamis, and avalanches.

Earthquakes occur all over the world, but some areas experience more earthquakes than others due to geological features.

Examples of major earthquakes include the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan, and the 2015 Nepal earthquake.

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