What are the phases of the moon? Why do we have them?

The different phases of the Moon are caused by the relative positions of the Sun, Earth and Moon.

We have phases of the moon because the Moon orbits the Earth in an elliptical path and its position relative to the Sun changes throughout the month.

The Moon reflects the sunlight, so its appearance changes as the angle of the sunlight changes.

New Moon: The Moon is not visible from Earth as the illuminated side is facing away from us.

Full Moon: The entire side of the Moon that is facing Earth is illuminated, giving a full circle shape.

First Quarter: The right half of the Moon is illuminated, giving a half-circle shape.

Last Quarter: The left half of the Moon is illuminated, giving a half-circle shape.

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