What is memory management in Computer Programming? Why does it matter? What is buffer over run?

Memory management is the process of allocating, managing, and deallocating memory within a computer program. It involves tracking which parts of memory are used and by whom, ensuring that there is enough memory available to complete tasks, and freeing up memory when it is no longer needed.

Memory management is important for a number of reasons, including ensuring that processes have enough memory to run, preventing memory leaks, and avoiding resource contention.

Buffer Overrun is a type of memory management error in which a process attempts to write data beyond the end of a buffer. It can lead to serious security problems, as malicious code can be injected into a program via a buffer overrun.

One example of memory management is garbage collection, which is a process of automatically freeing up memory that is no longer being used.

Another example is virtual memory management, which is the process of mapping a process's memory address space onto physical memory.

Memory pooling is a type of memory management that involves pre-allocating a pool of memory for a particular process, and then reusing it as needed.

Finally, memory segmentation is a process of breaking up a program's memory into sections

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